1. Determine Key Parameters: Rated Power (S): in kVA Primary & Secondary Voltage (V1, V2) Primary & Secondary Current (I1, I2) Winding Material: (Copper or Aluminum) Current Density (J): for Copper, typical values range from 2.5 to 5 A/mm². Turns per Volt (T/V) Window Space Factor (k_w): typically 0.3 to 0.4 for core-type transformers. — Read more

Functions of Transformer Oil 1. Insulation – Prevents electrical arcing between live parts. 2. Cooling – Dissipates heat generated by the core and windings. 3. Moisture Prevention – Protects against insulation degradation. 4. Arc Suppression – Prevents short circuits and flashovers. Types of Transformer Oil 1. Mineral Oil: Most commonly used. Derived from petroleum (Naphthenic Read more

Key Features of an Autotransformer: Uses a common winding for both input (primary) and output (secondary). Provides a variable output voltage using taps or a sliding contact. More compact and efficient than conventional transformers. Has lower losses and better voltage regulation. Types of Autotransformers: 1. Step-up Autotransformer – Increases voltage. 2. Step-down Autotransformer – Decreases Read more

Types of Power Transformers: 1. Step-up Transformer – Increases voltage for long-distance power transmission. 2. Step-down Transformer – Decreases voltage for safe consumer usage. 3. Distribution Transformer – Provides the final voltage transformation for local distribution networks. 4. Autotransformer – Uses a single winding with taps for different voltage levels. 5. Instrument Transformer – Includes Read more

Read more

A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrical energy between circuits through electromagnetic induction. It consists of the following key components: — 1. Core Made of laminated silicon steel sheets to reduce eddy current losses. Provides a low-reluctance path for magnetic flux. Can be core-type or shell-type based on winding arrangement. — 2. Read more

Insulation Resistance Test (Megger Test): Checks the insulation resistance between windings and between windings and the ground. Turns Ratio Test (TTR Test): Ensures the correct ratio between primary and secondary windings. Polarity and Phase Relationship Test: Ensures the correct phase sequence and polarity. Winding Resistance Test: Measures the resistance of transformer windings using a DC Read more

A. Daily Checks ✔ Check for unusual noises (humming, buzzing, or crackling sounds).✔ Inspect for oil or coolant leaks.✔ Monitor transformer temperature (oil & winding).✔ Check load current and voltage levels for abnormalities. B. Monthly Checks ✔ Inspect bushings for cracks or dirt buildup.✔ Check silica gel in the breather (should be blue, not pink).✔ Read more

1. Routine Inspection & Testing ✅ Visual Inspection – Check for leaks, corrosion, loose connections, and physical damage.✅ Oil Level & Quality Check – Measure dielectric strength, moisture content, acidity, and dissolved gases (DGA).✅ Temperature Monitoring – Ensure proper cooling system function, check winding and oil temperature.✅ Bushing & Insulation Check – Look for cracks, tracking, or contamination on insulators.✅ Connections & Terminal Tightness – Read more