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To calculate the amount of copper required for a transformer, follow these steps:
1. Determine Key Parameters: Rated Power (S): in kVA Primary & Secondary Voltage (V1, V2) Primary & Secondary Current (I1, I2) Winding Material: (Copper or Aluminum) Current Density (J): for Copper, typical values range from 2.5 to 5 A/mm². Turns per Volt (T/V) Window Space Factor (k_w): typically 0.3 to 0.4 for core-type transformers. — Read more
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Transformer oil, also known as insulating oil, is a specialized mineral oil used in transformers for insulation and cooling purposes. It plays a critical role in maintaining transformer performance and longevity.
Functions of Transformer Oil 1. Insulation – Prevents electrical arcing between live parts. 2. Cooling – Dissipates heat generated by the core and windings. 3. Moisture Prevention – Protects against insulation degradation. 4. Arc Suppression – Prevents short circuits and flashovers. Types of Transformer Oil 1. Mineral Oil: Most commonly used. Derived from petroleum (Naphthenic Read more
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An autotransformer is a type of transformer that has a single winding, unlike conventional transformers that have separate primary and secondary windings. It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction but uses part of the winding as both the primary and secondary, making it more compact and efficient.
Key Features of an Autotransformer: Uses a common winding for both input (primary) and output (secondary). Provides a variable output voltage using taps or a sliding contact. More compact and efficient than conventional transformers. Has lower losses and better voltage regulation. Types of Autotransformers: 1. Step-up Autotransformer – Increases voltage. 2. Step-down Autotransformer – Decreases Read more
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Power transformer is an electrical device used to transfer electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. It operates on the principle of Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction and is primarily used in power transmission and distribution networks to step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage levels.
Types of Power Transformers: 1. Step-up Transformer – Increases voltage for long-distance power transmission. 2. Step-down Transformer – Decreases voltage for safe consumer usage. 3. Distribution Transformer – Provides the final voltage transformation for local distribution networks. 4. Autotransformer – Uses a single winding with taps for different voltage levels. 5. Instrument Transformer – Includes Read more
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Construction of a Transformer
A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrical energy between circuits through electromagnetic induction. It consists of the following key components: — 1. Core Made of laminated silicon steel sheets to reduce eddy current losses. Provides a low-reluctance path for magnetic flux. Can be core-type or shell-type based on winding arrangement. — 2. Read more
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1. Routine Tests (Standard for Every Transformer)
Insulation Resistance Test (Megger Test): Checks the insulation resistance between windings and between windings and the ground. Turns Ratio Test (TTR Test): Ensures the correct ratio between primary and secondary windings. Polarity and Phase Relationship Test: Ensures the correct phase sequence and polarity. Winding Resistance Test: Measures the resistance of transformer windings using a DC Read more
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1️⃣ Transformer Maintenance Checklist
A. Daily Checks ✔ Check for unusual noises (humming, buzzing, or crackling sounds).✔ Inspect for oil or coolant leaks.✔ Monitor transformer temperature (oil & winding).✔ Check load current and voltage levels for abnormalities. B. Monthly Checks ✔ Inspect bushings for cracks or dirt buildup.✔ Check silica gel in the breather (should be blue, not pink).✔ Read more
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Transformer maintenance is crucial for ensuring reliability and preventing failures. It typically includes the following key aspects:
1. Routine Inspection & Testing ✅ Visual Inspection – Check for leaks, corrosion, loose connections, and physical damage.✅ Oil Level & Quality Check – Measure dielectric strength, moisture content, acidity, and dissolved gases (DGA).✅ Temperature Monitoring – Ensure proper cooling system function, check winding and oil temperature.✅ Bushing & Insulation Check – Look for cracks, tracking, or contamination on insulators.✅ Connections & Terminal Tightness – Read more
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