A step transformer works by changing the voltage level of an alternating current (AC) supply using electromagnetic induction. It can be classified as:

1. Step-Up Transformer – Increases voltage (e.g., from 11 kV to 132 kV for power transmission).

2. Step-Down Transformer – Decreases voltage (e.g., from 230V to 12V for household appliances).

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How a Step Transformer Works

1. Primary Coil: Receives AC voltage input.

2. Magnetic Core: Transfers energy between coils through a changing magnetic field.

3. Secondary Coil: Outputs transformed voltage.

Voltage Transformation Formula:

\frac{V_s}{V_p} = \frac{N_s}{N_p}

= Primary voltage

= Secondary voltage

= Number of turns in the primary winding

= Number of turns in the secondary winding

Step-Up Transformer: , so .

Step-Down Transformer: , so .

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Applications

Step-Up: Power transmission (boosts voltage to reduce losses).

Step-Down: Power distribution, electronics, and industrial applications.