Power transformer is an electrical device used to transfer electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. It operates on the principle of Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction and is primarily used in power transmission and distribution networks to step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage levels.

Types of Power Transformers:

1. Step-up Transformer – Increases voltage for long-distance power transmission.

2. Step-down Transformer – Decreases voltage for safe consumer usage.

3. Distribution Transformer – Provides the final voltage transformation for local distribution networks.

4. Autotransformer – Uses a single winding with taps for different voltage levels.

5. Instrument Transformer – Includes current transformers (CTs) and voltage transformers (VTs) for measurement and protection.

Key Components:

Primary and Secondary Windings – Carry the input and output currents.

Magnetic Core – Provides a low-reluctance path for magnetic flux.

Insulating Material – Prevents electrical breakdown.

Cooling System – Uses oil, air, or water for heat dissipation.

Tap Changer – Adjusts the voltage ratio for regulation.

Applications:

Power transmission from generation stations to substations.

Voltage regulation in distribution systems.

Industrial and commercial electrical networks.